Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology

V. S. Aher ¹, B. A. Bhairav ¹, R. B. Saudagar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Migraine is likely due to local cranial vasodilation and to release of sensory neuropeptide through nerve ending in the trigeminal system. Zolmitriptan is Serotonin 5-HT1D receptor agonist. It gives relief from pain, headache, and other symptoms of migraine including nausea, vomiting and sensitivity to light/ sound. In this study, mouth dissolving tablets were prepared by direct compression method. In the present work efforts have been made to formulation, evaluation and comparative study of Zolmitriptan mouth dissolving tablet by using direct compression method. Release profile of F-7 having 40% Croscarmellose sodium (disintegrant) and 13.3% Microcrystalline cellulose (suspending agent) in direct compression method was found to have maximum release of 99.24 %. The drug release from all batches was found to be concentration dependent. Hence, the formulation of F-7 fulfills the objective of the present study.

Keywords

Zolmitriptan, Direct Compression, Mouth Dissolving Tablet, Croscarmellose Sodium, Microcrystalline Cellulose.

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R. B. Saudagar ¹, S. Samuel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik: 422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik : 422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Many agents are applied to the skin deliberately with beneficial outcomes. Conventional formulations intended for topical and dermatological administration of drugs such as creams, foams, gels and lotions are considered to reside for a relatively short period of time at the targeted site. The localized treatment of body tissues, diseases and wounds requires that the particular pharmaceutical component be maintained at the site of treatment for an effective period of time. Sweat, clothing, movements and getting washed away easily on contact with water are some of the problems that have limited the effectiveness and residence time of conventional topical formulations for treatment of fungal infections of skin. This necessitates longer treatment duration. Hence, a composition that adheres to skin surface afflicted and provides localized delivery of an antifungal agent is needed. The present work aims at designing and formulating a 'film- forming lotion' which on application will form a thin transparent film on the skin. Eudragit RL 100 and HPMC K4M was used to form a matrix film. The formulations were prepared using 32 full factorial design. They were tested for drying time, drug release, antifungal activity, skin irritation and stability studies. The gel was characterised for pH, viscosity, drug content, effective dosage volume and mechanical properties of the film formed after application; bioadhesion and water vapour permeability were also tested. All the formulations showed results within acceptable range for various tests. The optimized formulation showed drug release of 99.64% and antifungal activity in terms of efficacy as 98.72%. Such a formulation can be claimed to decrease duration of therapy, will be more accepted by the patients and be a breakthrough in treating fungal infections of the skin.

Keywords

Butenafine Hydrochloride, Film-Forming Lotion, Eudragit Rl100 And HPMC K4M, Fungal Skin Infection.

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Kajal P. Badhe ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik- 422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Conventional topical formulations are intended to work on the surface of the skin. Normally, upon application such formulations release their active ingredients and producing a highly concentrated layer of active ingredient that is quickly absorbed. Therefore, need exists for a system to increase the amount of time that an active ingredient is present either on skin surface as well as within the epidermis, at the same time, minimizing its transdermal penetration in the body. Recently, microsponge delivery system (MDS) has been successively addressed for the controlled release of drugs onto the epidermis with assurance that the drug remains chiefly localized and does not enter the systemic circulation in major amounts. MDS is a unique technology for the controlled release of topical agents, also use for oral as well as biopharmaceuticals (peptides, proteins and DNA based therapeutics) drug delivery. This review article covers methods of preparation, release mechanism, characterization and applications of microsponge delivery system with patent information and marketed formulations.

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Poonam R. Songire ¹, Smita S. Aher ², R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik- 422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik- 422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Oral drug delivery is the leading and the oldest segment of the total drug delivery system in the market. It is the greatest growing and most favored route for drug administration so oral controlled release of drugs becomes a very promising approach for drugs that having the shorter half-life and high dose frequency. Matrix tablets are an interesting option and new break through when developing an oral controlled release drugs delivery system. The use of various classes of release rate retardants like hydrophilic, hydrophobic, polymers and their degradation products are focused also. Release of drugs from matrices formulated with hydrophobic polymers is slower than from matrices formulated with hydrophilic Polymers.

The present article contains a brief review of various formulation approaches used in controlled release drug delivery systems, the role of polymers in the controlled delivery of many fast release drugs and the mechanism of drug release from these polymeric matrices. The oral controlled release system of many drugs has been known to be an essential part of formulation development in drug delivery systems. It has been the focus of pharmaceutical research for many years due to its various advantages over conventional dosage forms. Administering the drug for release in the blood at a controlled rate, to maintain relatively constant drug levels in plasma over a controlled period of time, can overcome many problems associated with conventional dosage forms. The applicability of these dosage forms is due to reduction in the frequencies of drug dosing, which lead to patient convenience and compliance. In addition, a reduction of wide fluctuations in plasma drug concentration peak can be obtained. As a result, toxicity and poor efficacy can be avoided, especially with drugs of narrow therapeutic indices. Such problems, associated with conventional dosage forms of many drugs, can be overcome by using controlled release drug delivery systems, to deliver the drug for absorption at a controlled rate over an extended period of time. The controlled release dosage form should be tailored so that variations in the components can lead to predictable alterations in the drug release profiles. Various controlled release drug delivery systems have different mechanisms to control the drug release rate, such as the osmotic pump, ion exchange resin and matrix systems which have been widely utilized as controlled release drug delivery approaches. Besides, polymers have often been used in the components of controlled release drug delivery systems.

Keywords

Introduction Matrix Tablet, Hydrophobic Polymer, Hydrophilic Polymer, Controlled Release Matrix System.

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Dattatraya M. Shinkar ¹, Pinak S. Paralkar ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, KCT'S R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjenari, Dist. Nashik-422212, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KCT'S R.G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjenari, Dist. Nashik-422212, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Liposomes, spherical vesicles consisting of one or more phospholipids bilayers, were first described in mid 60s by Banghum and coworkers. Since then, liposomes have made their way to the market. Liposomes are highly versatile structures for researcher's therapeutic and analytical applications. The insight gained from clinical use of liposome drug delivery systems can now be integrated to design liposomes targeted to tissues and cells with or without expression of target recognition molecules on liposomes membranes. Enhanced safety and heightened efficacy have been achieved for wide range of drug classes, including antitumor agents, antiviral, antifungal, antimicrobial, vaccines and gene therapeutics. This review summaries exclusively scalable industrial method of preparation of liposomes, marketed preparation of liposomes and analysis of liposomes. An additional point of view was taken to regulatory concerning liposomal drug formulations based on FDA and EMEA documents.

Keywords

Liposomes, Preparation Methods, Characteristics, Analysis.

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R. B. Saudagar ¹, S. Samuel ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik: 422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Quality Assurance Techniques, R. G. Sapkal College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik : 422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Ethosomes are noninvasive delivery carriers that enable drugs to reach the deep skin layers and/or the systemic circulation. Although ethosomal systems are conceptually sophisticated, they are characterized by simplicity in their preparation, safety, and efficacy a combination that can highly expand their application. Ethosomes are soft, malleable vesicles tailored for enhanced delivery of active agents. This article reviews various aspect of ethosomes including their preparation, characterization, potential advantages and their applications in drug delivery. Because of their unique structure, ethosomes are able to encapsulate and deliver through the skin highly lipophilic molecules such as cannabinoids, testosterone, and minoxidil, as well as cationic drugs such as propranolol, trihexyphenidil, Cyclosporine A, insulin, Salbutamol etc. Ethosomes provides a number of important benefits including improving the drug's efficacy, enhancing patient compliance and comfort and reducing the total cost of treatment. Enhanced delivery of bioactive molecules through the skin and cellular membranes by means of an ethosomal carrier opens numerous challenges and opportunities for the research and future development of novel improved therapies.

Keywords

Ethosomes,ttransdermal Drug Delivery, Noninvasive, Carriers.

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D. M. Shinkar ¹, D. B. Pandya ², R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, KCT’s R.G.S. College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, KCT’s R.G.S. College of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Kleptomania is an impulse control disorder characterised by emotional or behavioural self-control. Patient fails to resist impulses to steal items although not required for personal use or for monetary value. The symptoms include repeated theft of objects not needed, increasing tension before committing theft and relief after theft. The present article gives account on causes of disorder, its symptoms, history, different approaches to treat disorder and various hormonal imbalance associated with it. Various antidepressant drugs have been in use for the treatment along with psychotherapy.

Keywords

Kleptomania, Impulse Control Disorder, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.

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D. M. Shinkar ¹, A. N. Patil ¹, R. B. Saudagar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, R.G. Sapkal college of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.G. Sapkal college of Pharmacy, Anjaneri, Nashik-422213, Maharashtra, IN

Abstract

Enhancement of solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of drug is a very challenging task in drug development, nearly 40% of the new chemical entities currently being discovered are poorly water soluble drugs. The solubility behavior of the drugs remain one of the most challenging aspects in formulation development. This results in important products not reaching the market or not achieving their full potential. Solid dispersion is one of the techniques adopted for the formulation of such drugs and various methods are used for the preparation of solid dispersion. Solid dispersion is generally prepared with drug which is having poor aqueous solubility and hydrophilic carrier. This article review various methods and concept of solid dispersion, criteria for drug selection, advantage and disadvantage, characterization, and application.

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